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摘要：The ubiquitous occurrence of microplastics (MPs) in drinking water systems has raised escalating concerns for microbial health and water security. Although the occurrence and toxicological risks of MPs have been increasingly documented, their roles in compromising disinfection efficacy remain insufficiently understood. Here, we systematically elucidate how MPs enhance bacterial resistance to two widely used disinfectants, chlorine and chloramine, in drinking water systems. MPs increased bacterial survival by 1.18–2.58 fold, with protection intensifying at higher MP and disinfectant concentrations (0–2.0 mg/L). This phenomenon was closely associated with disinfectant-induced oxidative stress, which promoted rapid bacterial attachment on MP surfaces, increasing attachment rates from 15.88% to over 80% after 0.5 h exposure to 2.0 mg/L chlorine. Fouriertransform infrared spectroscopy and extended Derjaguin-Landau-Verwey-Overbeek modeling revealed that oxidative modification of both MP surfaces and bacterial envelopes enhanced interfacial compatibility and strengthened MP-bacteria interaction energies, reducing the adhesion energy barrier from 140.69 kT to 45.83 kT and facilitating irreversible colonization. Additionally, MPs accelerated disinfectant decay and released dissolved organic matter, generating nutrient-enriched microhabitats that supported prolonged bacterial persistence. Highthroughput sequencing further showed that MP-associated biofilms selectively enriched adhesive and disinfectant-resistant taxa, reshaping biofilm communities under disinfection stress. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that MPs compromise disinfection efficacy through synergistic mechanisms involving physical shielding, chemical scavenging, and microhabitat restructuring, highlighting the imperative to integrate MPassociated risks into microbial safety management and regulatory frameworks for drinking water systems.

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收录刊物：SCI